Introduction As companies expand across borders, service agreements between related or unrelated entities become a central part of multinational operations. However, poorly drafted cross-border service agreements often create unnecessary double taxation, disputes with tax authorities, and inefficient tax outcomes. To avoid these issues, businesses must develop clear, compliant, and strategically structured agreements that align with […]

Introduction As companies expand internationally, the concept of a Permanent Establishment (PE) becomes one of the most critical and complex pillars of global tax strategy. PE exposure determines whether a foreign business becomes taxable in another jurisdiction, and mismanaging this exposure can create significant financial, legal, and operational risks. Understanding how PE rules work, when

Introduction As Egyptian and Middle Eastern multinationals continue to expand across borders, international tax compliance has become increasingly complex and high-risk. Global regulatory frameworks are evolving rapidly, driven by BEPS 2.0, the Global Minimum Tax, strengthened transfer pricing rules, and heightened enforcement by tax authorities worldwide. For companies operating across MENA, Europe, Africa, and beyond,

Introduction As multinational enterprises expand across the Middle East, tax structuring becomes a critical strategic priority. The region is experiencing rapid economic transformation, the introduction of new corporate tax regimes, strengthened transfer pricing rules, and increasing alignment with global standards such as BEPS 2.0 and the Global Minimum Tax.For global groups, the Middle East offers